CORE DISCOURSE FORMATS
Plus Two English Discourse Writing Notes | SAY Improvement Exam Guide & Examples
1. SPEECH
[TITLE OF THE SPEECH]
Respected Principal, teachers, and my dear friends, a hearty good morning to one and all.
Today, I stand before you with great pleasure to share my thoughts on the topic
[Insert Topic Name]. It is a matter of great relevance in our current society.
[Body Paragraph 1: Introduce the core issue, its background, and why it matters to the youth]
[Body Paragraph 2: Discuss the impacts, challenges, and give realistic solutions]
To conclude, let us remember that real change begins with us. Let us join hands to
build a better tomorrow.
Thank you.
2. CHARACTER SKETCH
CHARACTER SKETCH OF [CHARACTER’S NAME]
[Character’s Name] is a central and unforgettable character in the chapter “[Name of Chapter]”
written by the famous author [Author’s Name]. The character plays a vital role in developing
the core theme of the text.
Physically, the character is described as [mention age, appearance, or dress code if available].
In the text, he/she acts as a [mention role: e.g., a quiet listener, an honest worker, a resilient wife].
The most striking feature of [Character’s Name] is their [mention traits: e.g., integrity, patience,
unyielding spirit, courage]. We can see this clearly when they [mention an event/incident from the story].
Despite facing severe trials, they show immense strength of character.
In conclusion, [Character’s Name] leaves a lasting impression on the minds of the readers. Through
this character, the author successfully conveys the message of [mention the moral or lesson].
3. E-MAIL
To: receiver_email@example.com
Subject: Clear and brief purpose (e.g., Request for an Interview / Complaint regarding product)
Dear Sir / Madam, (Or Dear [Name] for an informal email)
I am writing this email on behalf of [Your Name/School] to bring to your attention / invite
you to [state the main objective clearly].
The event/issue is scheduled for [Date] at [Time] at [Venue]. We would be highly honored
by your presence / immediate action.
Looking forward to your swift response.
Warm regards,
[Your Name / Designation]
4. FORMAL LETTER (Complaint / Letter to the Editor)
From
XYZ (Sender’s Name),
School/House Name,
Place.
7 June 2026
To
The Editor / The Commissioner,
[Name of Newspaper / Public Office],
City/Place.
Sir / Madam,
Sub: [Brief topic line, e.g., Complaint regarding poor road conditions / commercialization of agriculture]
Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the concerned
authorities towards the pressing issue of [mention problem].
For the past few weeks, the residents / citizens of our locality are facing extreme hardships due
to this. [Add 2 lines describing the specific difficulties faced by people].
I earnestly request the responsible authorities to take immediate, effective steps to resolve this
matter as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully,
(Signature)
[Your Name]
5. INFORMAL LETTER (To a Friend or Relative)
[Sender’s House/Hostel Name],
Place.
7 June 2026
Dear [Friend’s / Brother’s Name],
Hope you are doing well and enjoying good health. I am doing fine here. I am writing this letter
to share an incredible experience with you.
[Body Paragraph: Explain your personal topic, e.g., a book review, exam preparation tips, or sports fest experience].
I really wish you were here with me. Convey my warm regards to your parents and my love to the young ones.
Yours lovingly,
[Your Name]
6. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERVIEW WITH THE FAMOUS [PROFESSION/NAME]
Questions:
1. Welcome to our institution, Sir/Madam. It is an absolute honor to have you with us today.
2. What inspired you to choose this challenging career path?
3. What were the initial struggles and hurdles you faced during your early days?
4. Who has been your ultimate role model or source of strength in life?
5. Could you share one unforgettable or proudest moment from your professional journey?
6. How do you manage to maintain your focus and keep moving forward despite failures?
7. What is your special message or advice to the younger generation, especially the students?
Conclusion Note: Thank you so much for your valuable time, Sir/Madam. We wish you continued success.
7. POEM COMPARISON (Critical Appreciation)
CRITICAL APPRECIATION AND COMPARISON OF THE POEMS
Introduction: The poem “[Poem 1 Title]” written by [Poet 1 Name] and the textbook poem
“[Poem 2 Title]” written by [Poet 2 Name] deal with a similar, profound universal concept.
While the first poem focuses on [Theme 1], the second poem beautifully portrays [Theme 2].
Analysis of Given Poem: In the given poem “[Poem 1 Title]”, the poet illustrates [briefly
summarize the lines given in the question sheet]. The tone of this poem is [e.g., sad, ironic,
satirical, joyful].
Comparison: When comparing this work with the textbook poem “[Poem 2 Title]”, we find strong
thematic connections. Both poets emphasize how [mention common link, e.g., human greed destroys
nature/boundaries separate people]. However, they differ in style. The first poet uses a
[simple/modern] structure, while the second poet employs a more [metaphorical/traditional] approach.
Poetic Devices: Both writers have brilliantly decorated their lines. We can easily identify literary
devices such as Alliteration (e.g., “[quote words]”), Simile, and Metaphor. The underlying
rhyme scheme lends a musical rhythm to the verses.
Conclusion: To conclude, both poems are highly successful in delivering their messages. They
leave a lasting impact on our minds, encouraging us to reflect on life.
8. ARTICLE
[CATCHY AND RELEVANT TITLE]
By, [XYZ / Name]
[Introduction Paragraph]: In our contemporary world, [Topic Name] has evolved into one of the
most widely debated themes. It plays an unavoidable role in our daily routines. This article
aims to critically explore the various dimensions of this subject.
[Body Paragraph 1 – Causes]: The primary factor fueling this situation is [explain causes/background].
Recent studies indicate that a vast section of the population is impacted by this. Modern
lifestyles have accelerated the issue significantly.
[Body Paragraph 2 – Effects & Solutions]: The long-term consequences of ignoring this issue could
be catastrophic. However, it is not an impossible challenge to tackle. By introducing strict
regulations and raising awareness among the youth, we can bring a positive shift.
[Conclusion Paragraph]: Ultimately, [Topic Name] demands urgent intervention from both authorities
and civil society. Let us act proactively to ensure a safe and progressive future.
9. WRITE-UP
A BRIEF WRITE-UP ON [TOPIC/EVENT]
This write-up offers a concise overview of [Topic / Event / Chapter Name]. It highlights the
foundational elements, events, and key lessons derived from the context.
The entire subject matter centers on [explain the core idea or story arc in 3-4 simple sentences].
The narrative flows smoothly from one incident to the next, illustrating how [add descriptive detail].
The author employs direct and impactful language, making it easy for any reader to immediately grasp the
underlying message.
Ultimately, this write-up provides a well-rounded understanding of the topic. It successfully
drives home the moral value that [state core message], leaving the reader thoroughly enlightened.
10. BLOG
——————————————————————————–
[CATCHY BLOG TITLE]
Published by: [Author’s Name / XYZ]
Date: [Current Date]
——————————————————————————–
[Introduction Paragraph]: Start with an engaging question, an interesting quote,
or a personal hook to catch the reader’s attention. Briefly introduce the topic
and state why it is highly relevant to today’s internet readers.
[Body Paragraph 1]: Discuss the core issue, sharing facts, personal opinions, or
observations. Keep the sentences short and snappy. Use a warm, conversational tone
(you can use “I”, “we”, and “you” freely in a blog).
[Body Paragraph 2]: Talk about the solutions, tips, or impacts. You can use 1 or 2
bullet points here if needed, as online readers love easily scannable content.
[Conclusion Paragraph]: Summarize your main point with a final inspiring thought or
a call to action.
Leave a comment below! What are your thoughts on this?
——————————————————————————–
11. REVIEW
[CATCHY TITLE FOR THE REVIEW]
(e.g., An Eye-Opening Tale of Domestic Reality: A Review of ‘Matchbox’)
Paragraph 1: Introduction (The Basics)
What to write: Mention the title of the story, the author’s name, the genre (e.g., satirical, realistic fiction, tragicomedy), and the central theme in one line.
Useful Phrases: “The short story ‘[Story Name]’ written by the eminent writer [Author Name] is a powerful narrative that explores…”
“Set against the backdrop of [setting/time], the story masterfully depicts…”
Paragraph 2: Plot Summary & Characters
What to write: Briefly summarize the core storyline without giving away the ending (no spoilers!). Introduce the main characters and their roles.
Useful Phrases: “The plot revolves around the central character, [Character Name], who is portrayed as…”
“The conflict begins when…”
“The narrative smoothly transitions from a calm atmosphere to a highly intense climax when…”
Paragraph 3: Style, Themes, & Literary Devices
What to write: Analyze the author’s writing style (simple, symbolic, humorous, ironical). Mention major symbols (like the matchbox in Ashapoorna Debi’s story) and messages.
Useful Phrases: “The author employs a highly symbolic/satirical writing style to critique societal norms.”
“The metaphor of ‘[Symbol]’ is brilliantly used to represent…”
“The tone of the story shifts from lighthearted humor to deep emotional gravity.”
Paragraph 4: Conclusion & Personal Recommendation
What to write: Give your overall evaluation of the story. State why students or readers should read it, and give it a rating out of 5 stars.
Useful Phrases: “Ultimately, the story leaves a lasting impression on the reader’s mind.”
“It is a must-read for anyone who appreciates thought-provoking literature.”
“I would rate this brilliant short story a 4.5/5 for its gripping narrative and deep moral lesson.”
Example Template for Students to Fill In:
A MASTERPIECE OF REALISM: A REVIEW OF MATCHBOX
The short story “Matchbox,” written by the celebrated Bengali writer Ashapoorna Debi,
is a brilliant narrative that exposes the hidden gender inequalities in a traditional
marriage. The story is a realistic depiction of how women are treated behind closed doors.
The plot revolves around Nomita, a self-respecting woman from a poor family married into
a wealthy household, and her insensitive husband, Ajit. The conflict reaches its peak
when Nomita discovers that Ajit has been secretly reading her personal mail. The narrative
brilliantly captures the fiery confrontation that follows, showcasing her internal rage.
Ashapoorna Debi uses a highly symbolic and powerful writing style. The central metaphor
of the “matchbox” is the strength of the story—representing how women harbor immense
explosive energy but choose to remain calm until pushed to their absolute limits. The
dialogues are sharp, crisp, and emotionally charged.
In conclusion, “Matchbox” is an eye-opening story that forces the reader to reflect on
marital dynamics and personal freedom. It is a highly relevant and must-read text for the
youth. I would confidently rate it 5/5 stars for its timeless social message.
12, THE JOB APPLICATION LETTER (Cover Letter)
From
XYZ (Sender’s Name),
House/Hostel Name,
Place.
7 June 2026
To
The Managing Director / The Principal,
[Name of the Company / Institution],
[Name of the Town/City].
Sir / Madam,
Sub: Application for the post of [Name of the Post, e.g., High School Teacher / Accountant]
Ref: Your advertisement in the [Name of Newspaper, e.g., The Hindu] dated [Date of Advt.]
With reference to your advertisement cited above, I wish to offer myself as a candidate
for the post of [Name of the Post] in your esteemed institution.
I have completed my [mention highest qualification, e.g., B.Ed. in English / M.Com] with
an excellent academic record. I possess [mention years of experience, e.g., 2 years] of
experience in this field. I am hardworking, dedicated, and possess excellent communication
skills, which I believe will help me contribute effectively to your organization.
My detailed Resume is attached herewith for your kind perusal. I am available for an
interview at any time convenient to you. If selected, I assure you that I will perform
my duties to the best of my satisfaction and ability.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
(Signature)
[Your Name]
Encl: Resume
PART 2: THE RESUME (Bio-Data / CV)
Teach your students to draw a neat box around the Resume to make it look professional.
text
RESUME
1. Name : XYZ
2. Father’s Name : [Name]
3. Date of Birth & Age : DD/MM/YYYY, [Age] Years
4. Gender : Male / Female
5. Marital Status : Single / Married
6. Nationality & Religion : Indian, [Religion]
7. Permanent Address : [Sender’s Address or Place Name]
8. Contact Number : 9876XXXXXX
9. Email ID : xyz@example.com
10. Educational Qualifications:
Passed [Degree Name, e.g., B.Ed / B.Com] from [University] with [e.g., 85%] marks.
Passed Higher Secondary (Plus Two) from Board of HSE, Kerala with [e.g., 90%] marks.
11. Work Experience : Worked as [Designation] at [Company Name] for 2 years.
12. Languages Known : English, Malayalam, and Hindi.
13. Hobbies : Reading, Writing, and Traveling.
Declaration:
I hereby declare that the facts mentioned above are true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Place: [Name of Place]
Date: 7 June 2026 (Signature)